Top 15 Selenium WebDriver Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is Selenium WebDriver?

Selenium WebDriver is a popular open-source framework used for automating web browsers. It provides a programming interface for interacting with web elements and performing various actions on web applications.

2. What are the advantages of using Selenium WebDriver?

Some advantages of using Selenium WebDriver include:

• Supports multiple programming languages (Java, C#, Python, etc.)
• Works with different web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.)
• Provides a rich set of methods for interacting with web elements
• Supports parallel test execution
• Integrates well with test frameworks and continuous integration tools

3. How do you launch a browser using Selenium WebDriver?

In Java, you can launch a browser using WebDriver with the following code:

java

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // for Chrome browser

4. How do you locate elements in Selenium WebDriver?

Selenium WebDriver provides various methods to locate elements, such as:

• By ID: driver.findElement(By.id(“elementId”));
• By Name: driver.findElement(By.name(“elementName”));
• By XPath: driver.findElement(By.xpath(“xpathExpression”));
• By CSS Selector: driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“cssSelector”));

5. What is the difference between driver.findElement() and driver.findElements() methods?

• driver.findElement() returns the first matching element on the page, or throws an exception if no element is found.
• driver.findElements() returns a list of all matching elements on the page. If no elements are found, it returns an empty list.

6. How do you perform actions on web elements using Selenium WebDriver?

You can perform actions on web elements using various methods, such as:

• sendKeys(): Entering text into input fields.
• click(): Clicking on an element.
• getText(): Retrieving the text from an element.
• getAttribute(): Getting the value of an attribute of an element.

7. How do you handle checkboxes and radio buttons in Selenium WebDriver?

To handle checkboxes and radio buttons, you can use the click() method to select/deselect them based on their current state.

8. How do you handle dropdowns or select elements in Selenium WebDriver?

You can handle dropdowns using the Select class in Selenium WebDriver. Here’s an example:

java

Select dropdown = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("dropdownId"))); dropdown.selectByVisibleText("Option 1"); // Select by visible text

9. How do you handle alerts and pop-ups in Selenium WebDriver?

To handle alerts and pop-ups, you can use the Alert class in Selenium WebDriver. You can accept, dismiss, or retrieve text from the alert using its methods.

10. What are implicit waits in Selenium WebDriver?

Implicit waits are used to wait for a certain amount of time for elements to appear on the page. If the element is found before the specified time, the WebDriver will proceed with the next steps immediately.

11. What are explicit waits in Selenium WebDriver?

Explicit waits are used to wait for a certain condition to occur before proceeding with the next steps. You can wait for elements to be visible, clickable, or for a custom condition to be true.

12. How do you handle frames and iframes in Selenium WebDriver?

You can switch to a frame or iframe using the switchTo().frame() method. You can switch back to the default content using switchTo().defaultContent().

13. How do you take screenshots in Selenium WebDriver?

In Selenium WebDriver, you can take screenshots using the following steps:

1. Import the necessary classes:

java

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot; import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType; import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import java.io.File;

2. Capture the screenshot:

java

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // Instantiate your WebDriver File screenshotFile = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputTy

3. Specify the destination path and save the screenshot:

java

String destinationPath = "path/to/save/screenshot.png"; FileUtils.copyFile(screenshotFile, new File(destinationPath));

Make sure to replace “path/to/save/screenshot.png” with the desired file path and name for saving the screenshot.

Remember to handle any required exceptions that may arise, such as ‘IOException’ for file operations.

By following these steps, you will be able to capture a screenshot of the current state of the browser window using Selenium WebDriver.

14. What are Webdriver’s advantages over Selenium Server?

1. WebDriver allows direct communication with the web browser, providing faster and more efficient interactions compared to Selenium Server.
2. WebDriver supports multiple programming languages and provides a more consistent and streamlined API for browser automation.
3. WebDriver doesn’t require a separate server to be set up, making it easier to configure and deploy tests on different environments.

15. Mention the abilities of Selenium 2.0 or Selenium WebDriver.

Selenium 2.0, also known as Selenium WebDriver, has several key abilities:

1. It provides a more powerful and flexible API for interacting with web elements and performing advanced actions such as drag and drop, handling keyboard events, and executing JavaScript on the page.
2. WebDriver supports multiple programming languages like Java, C#, Python, etc., allowing developers to write tests in their preferred language.
3. It offers robust cross-browser compatibility, enabling automation across different web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, etc.
4. WebDriver supports parallel test execution, allowing faster test execution and improved efficiency in testing large-scale web applications.